Radiosensitizing by heavy atoms –

Approach to a new more efficient radiation therapy

keywords: Radiosensitizing by heavy atoms; enhancement of focal dose by heavy atoms

 Summary:

 In this report the beginning of a new, more effective kind of high voltage therapy is shown, while as much heavy atoms as possible are selectively brought into a malignoma, which liberate much more energy in the tumour, as it otherwise may be the case. A great part of the radiation energy, what would simply penetrate the tumor without damaging it, is forced by the heavy atoms to get free selectively in the tumor. As more electrons, according to the ordinal number of the heavy atoms, are existing in the coat of an atom, and as more of these heavy atoms are included in a tumor, as more additional energy is liberated in the tumor in the high voltage therapy. This circumstance leads to healings, where they wouldn't be possible in other case, and promises for the future to need only half of the now usual radiation dose and to achieve healings with an on certainty bordering probability.

 Introduction

 In this report will be explained, why heavy atoms, which are incorporated in a tumour, induce an enhanced focal dose in the radiation therapy: by the enrichment of heavy atoms in a tumor (iodine, gold, gadolinium or platinum) is caused here during a high voltage irradiation an enhanced formation of positrons and electrons. Conditioned through that, by the mutual deletion of positron and electron the so-called extermination - radiation with the energy of 0,511 MeV is created. This extermination - radiation causes now in the tumor the Compton - photo - complex - reactions, which take place in a very small area (within millimeters) closely related to the heavy atoms,  i.e., at an high - energy – Compton - effect with an heavy atom a shower of  electrons, which damages the tumour, is released, and the resulting low energetic Compton - scattered - radiation is absorbed by a light atom ( f.i. oxygen, carbon, nitrogen) within a mean distance of 2mm off the heavy atom by means of a photo- effect, what also damages the tumour. In addition the middle energetic Compton - scattered - radiation (around 100 KeV) from the surrounding tissue is absorbed by photo- effects with high incidence proportional to the fourth potency of the effective ordinal number of the tumour in the heavy - atom - loaded tumour tissue. Moderately heavy atoms, like iron or zinc, if they are accumulated in the tumour, they induce an increased photo - absorption of the middle and low energetic Compton - scattered - radiation from the tissue surrounding the tumour.  

Now in the high voltage therapy the effects of the heavy atoms in a tumour are first theoretically and then by concrete instances discussed. Already some tens of years ago in the radiation physics [1, 2] the basis of this new start of radiation therapy has been explored, what has the aim to incorporate as much as possible heavy atoms selectively into a malignoma. Heavy atoms have the ability to take much more energy out of high voltage photons by high energetic Compton effects [1, 2], as what it is possible by light atoms. In this case many electrons are released all at once out of a heavy atom, by what a considerable part of energy of a high voltage photon is consumed [1, 2]. These released electrons release yet secondary and tertiary electrons [2] and disturb and change the biochemical bindings of the chromosomes, by what the death of the cells is caused. The remaining Compton - scattered - photons are mainly absorbed by means of photo - absorption [1, 2], by what also electrons are released, which operate destroying in the tumour. Worthy readers, please save me from quoting mathematical formulas for the expected effects! I found 1989 [6] mathematical nearings, which showed, that the probability of electron - pair - formation [1, 2], Compton effects and photoelectric effects in the case of incorporation of heavy atoms into a tumour is increased and that the enhancement, which is achieved in the CT, can be employed for the calculation of the expected focal dose [6].But it is difficult to introduce energetic levels from 1 MeV up to 25 MeV stepwise into a mathematical formula. Just so difficult is the introduction of secondary and tertiary electrons into this formula. Also the ordinal number of the employed heavy atoms plays a bigger role as expected [3,4,10,11,12,13]. In the future we should let us guide by empiricism. In the reality the effects seem to be much stronger than these by me at that time calculated [ 3,4,5,8,10,11,12,13].

 When during high energetic Compton - effects low energetic Compton - scattered - photons are released and within a mean radius of two millimetres are absorbed again, so it is possible to call these proceedings as a Compton - photo - complex - reaction [6].

 By these Compton - photo - complex - reactions in the low voltage range 25 years ago a nine year old boy, who was suffering from an inoperable astrocytoma IV in the brain stem, was cured. By erosion haemorrhages an accumulation of iron pigment had occurred in the 20 millimetres measuring tumour, what was visible in the CT. The radiation therapy with cobalt 60, caused by me, leaded with a focal dose of only 50Gy to a complete deletion of the tumour. Ten years after the radiation therapy the young man was completely rehabilitated. Similar effects every time could be obtained by contrast medium assisted radiation therapy, contrast medium, as it is used at the CCT, to cure patients with an astrocytoma, meningeoma or neurinoma or metastases of malignomas in the brain [10,11,12,13]. These tumours namely show at the CCT an enhancement till 20 Hounsfield - units, what is caused by the iodine atoms.  

Imagine, from astrocytoma IV suffering absolute death - candidates could be cured already tomorrow by administering the contrast medium 30 to 60 minutes before the irradiation with a contrast medium - dose like at the CCT and in that time - window, in which the enhancement is already weakly visible [10,11,12,13]. Focal dose: 20 to 30 Gy in 4 to 6 fractions, each 5 Gy [10].

 This assertion is confirmed by tasks from USA [3, 4] with a great number of patients, which tell about radiosensitizing by bromodeoxyuridine (BDU) and jododeoxyuridine (JDU). Iodine in the JDU is distinct heavier than bromine in the BDU. Iodine has in its atom - coat 53 electrons, bromine only 35 [1]. Iodine therefore can deliver more electrons, when a high - voltage – photon "strikes" [1]. Although JDU and BDU biochemically behave identically, it comes in the astrocytoma IV with JDU as a radiosensitizer to a two - year - surviving - quota of 68%, with BDU only of 28%. But it must be considered, that with these substances an enhancement at the CT not yet is discernable. Therefore a focal dose of 60Gy is needed still for these effects. In the Nose - Ear and Throat - field there was Cisplatinum used as a radiosensitizer for advanced head and neck - cancers [5] and a two year - surviving - quota of 53% and a five - year - surviving - quota of 32% achieved. Platinum has 78 electrons in its atom - coat and leads therefore to these astonishing results.